The vertical lathe with five axes

The vertical lathe with five axes and four simultaneous movements (typically referring to a vertical turning-milling composite lathe featuring five-axis control but with four axes operating concurrently) combines the vertical spindle structure advantages of a vertical lathe (such as suitability for machining large, heavy workpieces) with the multi-angle precision machining capabilities of five axes. It is particularly well-suited for complex rotationally symmetric or asymmetric workpieces with substantial radial dimensions and relatively short axial lengths. This machine enables multiple operations—turning, milling, drilling, boring—to be completed in a single setup, reducing errors and enhancing efficiency.

Suitable Workpiece Types

The following summarises primary workpiece types based on machine characteristics and typical applications (referencing industry standards and equipment specifications):

Large disc, wheel, and sleeve components: e.g., turbine discs, rolling mill rolls, gear hubs. The vertical structure facilitates loading/unloading of heavy components, while five-axis interpolation enables machining of end faces, cylindrical surfaces, conical surfaces, and complex slots/holes.

Complex curved and inclined surface parts: e.g., impellers, propellers, turbine blades, curved moulds. Four-axis interpolation permits multi-angle tool engagement, eliminating frequent part repositioning and enhancing surface accuracy.

Precision cavities and multi-faceted structural components: e.g., precision enclosures, valve bodies, housings, and frame-type parts in 3C electronics. Five-axis configuration suits high-precision hole positioning and multi-process integration.

Box-type and mould-type workpieces: e.g., multi-faceted enclosures, injection mould frames. Suitable for complex geometries requiring milling, drilling, reaming, and boring with stringent machining accuracy demands.

Processing Advantages Overview

Applicable scenarios: Heavy industry, aerospace, energy, automotive moulds, etc., with workpiece diameters reaching several metres and weights up to tens of tonnes.

Considerations: Compared to three-axis machines, five-axis four-axis-interlocking systems entail higher investment but deliver significant efficiency gains for complex parts (reducing processing time by 20%-30%). Selection requires evaluating workpiece dimensions, precision requirements, and batch size.

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